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Richard Thurnwald (September 18, 1869 – January 19, 1954) was an Austrian anthropologist and sociologist, known for his comparative studies of social institutions. == Biography == He studied law, economics and oriental languages in Berlin, earning a law degree in 1891. He then took a government post, and while being stationed in Bosnia (from 1896), he conducted research of the local social and economic climate. In 1898 he travelled to Egypt, and following his return to Berlin, he took classes in Egyptology and Assyriology (1901–05). In Berlin, he found employment as an assistant curator at the ''Museum für Völkerkunde''.〔(German Anthropology ) Short Portrait: Richard Thurnwald〕 In 1917 he completed his habilitation at the University of Halle, and several years later, began giving lectures in sociology and anthropology in Berlin (1924). From 1931 to 1936, he taught classes in the United States, giving lectures at Harvard, Yale and at the University of California.〔(The Routledge Dictionary of Anthropologists ) by Gerald Gaillard〕 After World War II, as a professor at the Free University of Berlin, he established the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology.〔 During his career, he conducted ethno-sociological studies in the Solomon Islands and Micronesia (1906–09), in New Guinea (1912–15) and in East Africa (1930).〔(Google Books ) Encyclopedia of Law and Society: American and Global Perspectives〕 He departed from the influential views of Wilhelm Wundt and Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, and believed that by analyzing social institutions comparatively, one could better explain their differences and how these differences determined the fundamental function of each institution. Thus, by comparing functional social structures, Thurnwald formed sequences of historical development.〔(Studies on the History of Behavior: Ape, Primitive, and Child ) by L.S. Vygotsky, A.R. Luria, Jane E. Knox〕〔 Robert Lowie praised him in an obituary as "one of the most productive ethnologists of his time". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Thurnwald」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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